Essential Medicines မရွိမျဖစ္ေဆးမ်ား
ရည္ရြယ္တာက လူအမ်ားစုအတြက္ အေျခခံ က်န္းမာေရးေစာင့္ေရွာက္မႈမွာ ေက်နပ္မႈရေစဘို႔နဲ႔ အခ်ိန္တိုင္းမွာ လံုေလာက္ေအာင္ ျဖည့္တင္းထားဘို႔ ျဖစ္တယ္။ လူအမ်ားလက္လွမ္းမီႏိုင္တဲ့ေစ်းႏွဳန္းလည္း ျဖစ္ဘို႔ျဖစ္တယ္။ ႏိုင္ငံေပါင္း ၁၅ဝ ေက်ာ္မွာ ဆိုင္ရာႏိုင္ငံအလိုက္ မရွိမျဖစ္ေဆးဝါးစာရင္း လုပ္ထားၾကတယ္။
သီအိုရီ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ကြန္ဆက္ပ္အယူအဆကို ၁၉၇၈ အယ္လ္မာတာေၾကညာခ်က္ထဲထည့္ထားတယ္။ အလိုအပ္ဆံုး၊ အေရးအၾကီးဆံုး၊ အစားထိုးမရ၊ လူအမ်ားအတြက္ က်န္းမာေရးလိုအပ္ခ်က္လို႔ ဆိုလိုတယ္။ လက္ေတြ႔မွာခက္ပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႔ ၂ဝဝ၂ ခုႏွစ္မွာ မြမ္းမံခ်က္ထုတ္ရတယ္။ စာရင္းကပိုရွည္လာျပီး အတန္းအစားခြဲထားတယ္။ ဆင့္ပြါးစာရင္းထဲမွာ အထူးေရာဂါရွာေဖြေရး၊ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေရးလိုအပ္တာေတြ ပါဝင္တယ္။
ေဆးတန္ဖိုးနဲ႔ထိေရာက္မႈ အခ်ိဳးကို ေဆးထုတ္လုပ္သူေတြနဲ႔ ေဆးဝယ္သူေတြၾကား ျငင္းခုန္ေနရဆဲျဖစ္တယ္။ ဦးစားေပးေဆးအုပ္စုေတြထဲမွာ အာဟာရခ်ိဳ႕တဲ့ျခင္း၊ တီဘီေရာဂါ နဲ႔ HIV/AIDS ေရာဂါေတြပါတယ္။ စာရင္းစထုတ္ကာစ ၁၉၇၇ တံုးကစာရင္းထဲမွာ ေဆးအမယ္ေပါင္း ၁၈၆ မ်ိဳးကေန အခု ၃ဝဝ ေက်ာ္လာျပီ။ ကင္ဆာေဆးမ်ိဳးက ေနာက္မွတိုးလာတာ။ အသည္းေရာင္ (စီ) ေဆးက ေနာက္ဆံုးတိုးလာတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Anaesthetics
General anaesthetics and oxygen
Inhalational medicines
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Oxygen
Injectable medicines
Ketamine
Propofol
Local anaesthetics
Bupivacaine
Lidocaine
Lidocaine/epinephrine
Ephedrineα (not a local anaesthetic, included in this list for prevention of low blood pressure associated with spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section)
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
Atropine
Midazolam
Morphine
Medicines for pain and palliative care
Nonopioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Opioid analgesics
Codeine
Fentanyl
Morphine
Methadoneα
Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care
Amitriptyline
Cyclizine
Dexamethasone
Diazepam
Docusate sodium
Fluoxetine
Haloperidol
Hyoscine butylbromide
Hyoscine hydrobromide
Lactulose
Loperamide
Metoclopramide
Midazolam
Ondansetron
Senna
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis
Dexamethasone
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Hydrocortisone
Loratadine
Prednisolone
Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings
Nonspecific
Charcoal, activated
Specific
Acetylcysteine
Atropine
Calcium gluconate
Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
Naloxone
Penicillamine
Prussian blue
Sodium nitrite
Sodium thiosulfate
Deferoxamineα
Dimercaprolα
Fomepizoleα
Sodium calcium edetateα
Succimerα
Anticonvulsive medication
Carbamazepine
Diazepam
Lamotrigine
Lorazepam
Magnesium sulfate
Midazolam
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Ethosuximideα
Anti-infective medicines
Antihelminthics
Intestinal antihelminthics
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole
Albendazole
Ivermectin
Levamisole
Mebendazole
Niclosamide
Praziquantel
Pyrantel
Antifilarials
Albendazole
Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin
Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
Oxamniquineα
Antibiotics
Beta Lactam medicines
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
Ampicillin
Benzathine benzylpenicillin
Benzylpenicillin
Cefalexin
Cefazolin
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cloxacillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Procaine benzylpenicillin
Ceftazidimeα
Meropenemα
Aztreonamα
Imipenem/cilastatinα
Other antibacterials
Amikacin
Azithromycin
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
Gentamicin
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Spectinomycin
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Vancomycin
Antileprosy medicines
Clofazimine
Dapsone
Rifampicin
Antituberculosis medicines
Pure crystals of ethambutol
Ethambutol
Ethambutol/isoniazid (ethambutol + isoniazid)
Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)
Isoniazid
Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)
Pyrazinamide
Rifabutin
Rifampicin
Rifapentine
Amikacinα
Bedaquilineα
Capreomycinα
Clofazimineα
Cycloserineα
Delamanidα
Ethionamideα
Kanamycinα
Levofloxacinα
Linezolidα
Moxifloxacin
p-aminosalicylic acidα
Streptomycinα
Antifungal medicines
Amphotericin B
Clotrimazole
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Griseofulvin
Itraconazole
Nystatin
Voriconazole
Potassium iodideα
Antiviral medicines
Antiherpes medicines
Aciclovir
Antiretrovirals
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
Nevirapine (NVP)
Protease inhibitors
Two capsules of atazanavir
Atazanavir
Atazanavir/ritonavir
Darunavir
Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)
Ritonavir
Integrase inhibitors
Dolutegravir
Raltegravir
Fixed-dose combinations
Abacavir/lamivudine
Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir
Emtricitabine/tenofovir
Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
Lamivudine/zidovudine
Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections
Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
Other antivirals
Ribavirin
Valganciclovir
Oseltamivirα
Antihepatitis medicines
Medicines for hepatitis B
Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Entecavir
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
Medicines for hepatitis C
Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
Sofosbuvir
Protease inhibitors
Simeprevir
NS5A inhibitors
Daclatasvir
Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors
Dasabuvir
Other antivirals
Ribavirin
Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or pegylated interferon-alpha-2bα
Fixed-dose combinations
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
Antiprotozoal medicines
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
Diloxanide
Metronidazole
Antileishmaniasis medicines
Amphotericin B
Miltefosine
Paromomycin
Sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate
Antimalarial medicines
For curative treatment
Amodiaquine
Artemether
Artemether/lumefantrine
Artesunate
Artesunate/amodiaquine
Artesunate/mefloquine
Artesunate/pyronaridine
Chloroquine
Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Quinine
Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine
For prevention
Chloroquine
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Proguanil
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
Pentamidineα
Antitrypanosomal medicines
African trypanosomiasis
1st stage
Pentamidine
Suramin sodium
2nd stage
Eflornithine
Melarsoprol
Nifurtimox
American trypanosomiasis
Benznidazole
Nifurtimox
Antimigraine medicines
Acute attack
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Prevention
Propranolol
Antineoplastic and immunosuppressives
Immunosuppressive medicines
Azathioprineα
Ciclosporinα
Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines
All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin)α
Allopurinolα
Asparaginaseα
Bendamustineα
Bleomycinα
Calcium folinateα
Capecitabineα
Carboplatinα
Chlorambucilα
Cisplatinα
Cyclophosphamideα
Cytarabineα
Dacarbazineα
Dactinomycinα
Dasatinibα
Daunorubicinα
Docetaxelα
Doxorubicinα
Etoposideα
Filgrastimα
Fludarabineα
Fluorouracilα
Gemcitabineα
Hydroxycarbamideα
Ifosfamideα
Imatinibα
Irinotecanα
Mercaptopurineα
Mesnaα
Methotrexateα
Nilotinibα
Oxaliplatinα
Paclitaxelα
Procarbazineα
Rituximabα
Thioguanineα
Trastuzumabα
Vinblastineα
Vincristineα
Vinorelbineα
Zoledronic acidα
Hormones and antihormones
Anastrozoleα
Bicalutamideα
Dexamethasoneα
Hydrocortisoneα
Leuprorelinα
Methylprednisoloneα
Prednisoloneα
Tamoxifenα
Antiparkinsonism medicines
Biperiden
Carbidopa/levodopa (levodopa + carbidopa)
Medicines affecting the blood
Antianaemia medicines
Ferrous salt
Ferrous salt/folic acid
Folic acid
Hydroxocobalamin
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsα
Medicines affecting coagulation
Enoxaparin
Heparin sodium
Phytomenadione
Protamine sulfate
Tranexamic acid
Warfarin
Desmopressinα
Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies
Deferoxamineα
Hydroxycarbamideα
Blood products and plasma substitutes of human origin
Blood and blood components
A straw colored liquid inside a clear plastic bag
Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma
Fresh frozen plasma
Platelet concentrates
Packed red blood cells
Whole blood
Plasma-derived medicines
Human immunoglobulins
Rho(D) immune globulin
Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
Human normal immunoglobulinα
Blood coagulation factors
Coagulation factor VIIIα
Coagulation factor IXα
Plasma substitutes
Dextran 70
Cardiovascular medicines
Antianginal medicines
Bisoprolol
Glyceryl trinitrate
Isosorbide dinitrate
Verapamil
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Bisoprolol
Digoxin
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Lidocaine
Verapamil
Amiodaroneα
Antihypertensive medicines
Amlodipine
Bisoprolol
Enalapril
Hydralazine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Methyldopa
Losartan
Sodium nitroprussideα
Medicines used in heart failure
Bisoprolol
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Losartan
Spironolactone
Dopamineα
Antithrombotic medicines
Anti-platelet medicines
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
Clopidogrel
Thrombolytic medicines
Streptokinaseα
Lipid-lowering agents
Simvastatin
Dermatological (topical)
Antifungal medicines
Miconazole
Selenium sulfide
Sodium thiosulfate
Terbinafine
Anti-infective medicines
Mupirocin
Potassium permanganate
Silver sulfadiazine
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
Betamethasone
Calamine
Hydrocortisone
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
Benzoyl peroxide
Coal tar
Fluorouracil
Podophyllum resin
Salicylic acid
Urea
Scabicides and pediculicides
Benzyl benzoate
Permethrin
Diagnostic agents
Ophthalmic medicines
Fluorescein
Tropicamide
Radiocontrast media
Amidotrizoate
Barium sulfate
Iohexol
Meglumine iotroxateα
Disinfectants and antiseptics
Antiseptics
Chlorhexidine
Ethanol
Povidone iodine
Disinfectants
Alcohol based hand rub
Chlorine base compound
Chloroxylenol
Glutaral
Diuretics
Amiloride
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol
Spironolactone
Gastrointestinal medicines
Pancreatic enzymesα
Antiulcer medicines
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
Antiemetic medicines
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Anti-inflammatory medicines
Sulfasalazine
Hydrocortisoneα
Laxatives
Senna
Medicines used in diarrhea
Oral rehydration
Oral rehydration salts
Medicines for diarrhea in children
Zinc sulfate
Hormones, other endocrine medicines, and contraceptives
Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
Fludrocortisone
Hydrocortisone
Androgens
Testosteroneα
Contraceptives
Oral hormonal contraceptives
Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel
Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
Levonorgestrel
Ulipristal
Injectable hormonal contraceptives
Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Norethisterone enantate
Intrauterine devices
IUD with copper
IUD with progestogen
Barrier methods
Condoms
Diaphragms
Implantable contraceptives
Etonogestrel—releasing implant
Levonorgestrel—releasing implant
Intravaginal contraceptives
Progesterone vaginal ring
Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
Gliclazide
Glucagon
Insulin injection (soluble)
Intermediate-acting insulin
Metformin
Ovulation inducers
Clomifeneα
Progestogens
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
Levothyroxine
Potassium iodide
Propylthiouracil
Lugol's solutionα
Immunologicals
Diagnostic agents
Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
Sera and immunoglobulins
Antivenom immunoglobulin
Diphtheria antitoxin
Vaccines
A small vial with writing on it being removed from a cardboard package
A vial of oral cholera vaccine
BCG vaccine
Cholera vaccine
Diphtheria vaccine
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
Hepatitis A vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
HPV vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
Measles vaccine
Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
Mumps vaccine
Pertussis vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
Poliomyelitis vaccine
Rabies vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
Rubella vaccine
Tetanus vaccine
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
Typhoid vaccine
Varicella vaccine
Yellow fever vaccine
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors
Atracurium
Neostigmine
Suxamethonium
Vecuronium
Pyridostigmineα
Eye preparations
Anti-infective agents
Aciclovir
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Gentamicin
Natamycin
Ofloxacin
Tetracycline
Anti-inflammatory agents
Prednisolone
Local anesthetics
Tetracaine
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
Acetazolamide
Latanoprost
Pilocarpine
Timolol
Mydriatics
Atropine
Epinephrine (adrenaline)α
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Bevacizumabα
Oxytocics and abortifacients
Ergometrine
Misoprostol
Oxytocin
Mifepristone used with misoprostolα[note 52]
Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
Nifedipine
Peritoneal dialysis solution
Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)α
Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders
Medicines used in psychotic disorders
Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Risperidone
Clozapineα
Medicines used in mood disorders
Medicines used in depressive disorders
Amitriptyline
Fluoxetine
Medicines used in bipolar disorders
Carbamazepine
Lithium
Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Medicines for anxiety disorders
Diazepam
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders
Clomipramine
Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
Nicotine replacement therapy
Methadoneα
Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Beclometasone
Budesonide
Budesonide/formoterol
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Ipratropium bromide
Salbutamol (albuterol)
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
Oral
Oral rehydration salts
Potassium chloride
Parenteral
Glucose
Glucose with sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Sodium lactate, compound solution
Miscellaneous
Water for injection
Vitamins and minerals
Ascorbic acid
Calcium
Cholecalciferol
Ergocalciferol
Iodine
Nicotinamide
Pyridoxine
Retinol
Riboflavin
Sodium fluoride
Thiamine
Calcium gluconateα
Ear, nose and throat medicines in children
Acetic acid
Budesonide
Ciprofloxacin
Xylometazoline
Specific medicines for neonatal care
Medicines administered to the neonate
Caffeine citrate
Chlorhexidine
Ibuprofenα
Prostaglandin Eα
Prostaglandin E1
Prostaglandin E2
Surfactantα
Medicines administered to the mother
Dexamethasone
Medicines for diseases of joints
Medicines used to treat gout
Allopurinol
Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
Chloroquine
Azathioprineα
Hydroxychloroquineα
Methotrexateα
Penicillamineα
Sulfasalazineα
Juvenile joint diseases
Aspirin
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